Description Of The History Of Family Centered Services

Description of the history of family-centered services Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the family centered services generated preventable client assignment with no definite procedures for stability (Mass Engler, 1959; Gruber, 1973 ;as cited by Pecora, Reed-Ashcraft, Kirk). Furthermore, Gruber (1973) established that the problem was rooted in insufficient data to make suitable decisions to address clients concerns. Likewise, Franshel Shinn (1978; as cited by Pecora, Reed-Ashcraft, Kirk) added that this resulted in one of many issues such as, family centered services encouraging separation between blood relatives by restricting contact. The goals of child welfare services. In order to address these past mishaps, the following three goals were established by child welfare services. The first goal of child welfare services is the security of its clients (Pecora Harrison-Jackson, 2016). When I was in college as an undergrad, I had a terrible roommate. She made my living environment very uncomfortable, where I felt at times as if I was walking on pins and needles. It was always tense in our room. As adults desire a safe, comfortable environment, how much more vulnerable children? The second goal is to make every effort to maintain family attachments or provide a stable alternative environment (Pecora Harrison-Jackson, 2016). I have never been transferred from place to place, but I can imagine. It must be the most uncomfortable feeling; conceivably, theShow MoreRelatedTaking A Patient History : The Role Of The Nurse1159 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Article Review Introduction ‘Taking a patient history: the role of the nurse’ is an article written by Tonks Fawcett and Sarah Rhynas, published in the Nursing Standard, volume 26, issue 24, pages 41-46 on February 15, 2012 . In this article, the authors write about taking a patient’s history and how this is a vital element of patient assessment. It focuses on the patient as a whole, and how the nurse can learn to elicit biographical information and personal circumstance for application toRead MoreLong-term Care Utilizing Nurse Practitioners Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesLong term care (LTC) settings provide a vast variety of services that range from convalescent care, respite stays and skilled rehabilitation services which includes: skilled nursing, physical, occupational or speech therapy. LTC includes a broad spectrum of services that are designed to meet the varying needs of geriatric individuals and other adults with functional restrictions. The services rendered in this setting ar e designed to support individual needs from assistance with activities of dailyRead MoreA Wide Range Of Informational And Educational Programs1767 Words   |  8 Pages At NFC, patients and their families have access to complete, unbiased, and useful information, however, no systems are in place to ensure this. 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The question is are EHR’s helping to improve care? In this paper, the benefits of EHR’s are discussed in how they’ve improved patient-centered care and promoted health care. Improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of care while reducing disparities Quality, safety, andRead MoreDescription Of A Leader : Lynley Joined The Unthsc Team1384 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of Leader Lynley joined the UNTHSC team about 20 years ago as a research assistant in the department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience after receiving a degree (BS) in Neuropsychology from TCU. Every day she would come into the research center and work with rats on improving diseases and conditions many American are fighting today. After about 6 years in Pharmacology, her boss at the time took a position in Information Technology Services (ITS) as a grant writer. A spot opened in ITS atRead MoreCommunity Description / Analysis Project1473 Words   |  6 Pages Community Description/ Analysis Project Tonya Pinchback Morgan State University Community Description According to Feverbee, there are five different types of communities (Feverbee, 2015). The five types are communities are interest, action, place, practice, and circumstance. Interest is people sharing the same interest or passion. Action is people trying to bring about change. Place is where people are brought together by geographic boundaries. Practice are people in the same professionRead MoreSocial Work And Welfare History1477 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Work/ Welfare History In 1906, in-school social work programs were integrated into New York City schools with hopes to bridge the gaps between the schools and communities in which they served. Since then in-school social workers have become more than just school and community liaisons but also the caseworkers, confidants, youth program advocates, as well as truancy reporters. In 1946, the National School Lunch Act was established and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman. This policyRead MoreBecoming An Integral Part Of The Medical Technician907 Words   |  4 Pageshim since he had lost his immediate family during the war in Bosnia and Croatia. With a sense of understanding, comfort, and trust developing, I continued to hold his hand and progressed through the medical assessment. Communicating his multiple symptoms to the physician, one specific description stood out to me: a painful, ripping sensation in his lower back and abdomen. Recalling my training and medical literature, this unique description and his medical history seemed consistent with a life-threatening

Audience Analysis Characteristics Of My Classroom Audience

Audience Analysis: Characteristics of my Classroom Audience Audience analysis is described as the process of examining information about your listeners. Then using that analysis helps you adapt your message so that your listeners will respond as you wish (Steven A. and Susan J. Beebe, 2015). It is highly important to read your audience when presenting a speech, the first thing I noticed about my classroom audience was everyone has a good sense of humor and were open minded as to what they might be hearing. In this paper I will be analyzing my classroom audience and describing how they might react to my speeches and what is the best way to present my speeches. I will discuss the differences between each person and how their views will shape my speeches as a whole because ultimately I must appeal to my audience. When I gave my first speech to the class about my life I was very nervous, I didn’t know any of these people and they didn’t know me, but by the end of my speech I realized it wasn’t that bad and we all get stage fr ight so it was okay that I was nervous. I saw then how understanding my audience was and they won’t judge my speeches as a whole based off of one mishap. While standing in front of the class presenting I saw a lot of head nodes indicating to me that they were following along with what my life was about and they showed interest by laughing, and by doing these thing they we unknowingly giving me feedback about how I was doing and weather they liked what theyShow MoreRelatedThe Mental Models Chapter Of Meaningful Learning With Technology Helped Me Understand The Complex Thinking Involved With Creating Mental973 Words   |  4 Pagesworking and then determine, with the cognitive aid of mind mapping, where I could focus my work and the work of our students. I prefer writing as the means to process my thoughts because I don’t know where I will end up in my thinking when I begin working on an assignment. This assignment forced me to think and process what I was reading and l earning without the aid of writing and then visually to represent my thoughts. This required more certainty; I had to move to concretes and specifics more quicklyRead MoreTaking a Look at Audience Analysis1539 Words   |  6 Pages Audience analysis is one of the most important elements of effective communication which involves assembling and interpreting information about the recipients of oral, written, or visual communication. In order to derive an effective speech or writing, it is imperative to determine the associated characteristics of an audience. Audience analysis can help you gain valuable insight about your readers, which can help you to choose and develop a relevant, meaningful topic. It can also help you toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cartoon I Looked At My Cartoon ``976 Words   |  4 PagesWhile analyzing my cartoon, I looked for symbolism, the use of labels and words, the intended irony, and where and why Kal exaggerated a certain characteristic in his cartoon. As I looked at my cartoon I quickly marked down every part that I found interesting or unique and noted in which category it fell under as well as the significance of this observation. By looking at the different aspects of the cartoon, r ather than at the cartoon as a whole, I was able interpret multiple subliminal meaningsRead MoreInternship Report On The Internship1702 Words   |  7 Pages FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT September 4 2015 BUSN 615 Internship Course Period: July through September 2015 Drexel ID: 13820722 Varun Pillai FINAL REPORT FOR SUMMER INTERNSHIP WITH AUDIENCE PARTNERS Varun Pillai (267) 471-2511 E-mail: vrp36@drexel.edu Facility: Audience Partners 414 Commerce Drive, Suite 100 Fort Washington, PA 19034 Supervisor: Alex Gochtovtt Chief Analytics Officer Phone: +1-484-928-1010 Fax: +1-484-556-4161 E-mail: alex.gochtovtt@audiencepartnersRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . Their own mental profile and how to recognize the symptoms so they can help themselves and others around them Audience Analysis: (Refer to chapter on Audience Analysis) (RU Core Goal: a) Summarize Audience demographics, prior exposure/knowledge, common ground/interest, disposition/attitudeRead More A Genre Analysis of Graduate-Level Reading Response Blogs Essays2192 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction As a community, academics are increasingly accepting the use of public, online, journal style writings known as weblogs (blogs) as a valid pedagogy for the classroom. 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Although he is saying noneRead MorePersuasive Speech : Effective Communication2170 Words   |  9 Pageswriting it’s important to have an understanding of what you’re trying to convey for your audience in addition to how you you will present your ideas. Effective communication extends beyond having well organized writing expressed in complete and coherent sentences. The style, tone and clarity of writing must also be considered, as they are constantly changing relative to the audience. Again, analyzing one’s audience and purpose is essential to successful writing. Appropriately, when choosing the mostRead MoreAn Organization : Topical Pattern1451 Words   |  6 PagesInformative Speech Outline Carolyn Strickland COMS 101 September 21, 2015 Organization: Topical pattern Audience analysis: My audience consists of two white males and one white female, all of whom are students enrolled in the local community college. Their current fields of study include the following: criminal justice, fire/science/paramedic, and pre-nursing/education. Each of them comes from a Christian home with either a parent or close relative already working in the medical field. Topic:Read MoreQualitative Reflection1032 Words   |  5 Pages This study takes a closer look at those traits and characteristics to analyze how you are perceived through the eyes of another. Statement of Purpose The research project conducted uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, analyze, then interpret how an individual is perceived in society. To evaluate the qualitative research the addition of a literature review to aid the depth of understanding about audience responses was used. However, the experiment’s qualitative

“A Horse and Two Goats” by R.K Narayan Sample Essay Example For Students

â€Å"A Horse and Two Goats† by R.K Narayan Sample Essay A Horse and Two Goats is one of the treasures from R. K. Narayan`s pool. The writer has contributed vastly to the development of literature by the dint of his sarcasm and temper. `A Horse and Two Goats` reflects the conversation between Muni and a crimson American picturing the differences in their ideas. owing to the problematized state of affairs as both have their different linguistic communications barely understood by the other. The rubric signifies the feeling of Muni when he was selling his two caprine animals to the American though that was merely a piece of statue. The writer R. K. Narayan is one of the popular Indian authors composing in English frequently termed as the Indo-Anglican author. As a novelist he upholds the Indian kernel in all his plants instead than following traditional Western manner while the linguistic communication elected for the look of his emotion is evidently a borrowed one: English. An first-class short narrative Teller. he wrote many short narratives. which are published jointly under many headers. `A Horse and Two Goats` did non accomplish a broad international audience until 1970 when it became the rubric narrative of R. K. Narayan`s 7th aggregation of short narratives. It was `A Horse and Two Goats and Other Stories` . It reached an even wider audience in 1985 when it was included in Under the Banyan Tree. Narayan`s 10th and best-selling aggregation. By this clip Narayan was good established as one of the most outstanding Indian writers composing in English in the twentieth century. Narayan is best known for his 14 novels and narratives. many of which are placed in the fictional town of Malgudi. However. the narrative of `A Horse and Two Goats` does non unroll in Malgudi. This narrative is considered to be a all right illustration of Narayan`s adeptness in making prosecuting characters and humourous duologues. Outline of â€Å"A Horse and Two Goats† by R. K NarayanThe book `A Equus caballus and two Goats` was foremost published in Chennai. in a newspaper named `The Hindu` in 1960. The narrative presents a amusing duologue between Muni. a hapless Tamil-speaking villager. and a affluent English-speaking man of affairs from New York. They are engaged in a conversation in which neither can understand the other`s linguistic communication. With soft temper. Narayan explores the struggles between rich and hapless and between Indian and Western civilizations as good. The narrative of `A Equus caballus and two Goats` is told in two parts. The first one where the set up of Muni and his life in Kritam is described and the 2nd portion trade with the meeting of the man of affairs and Muni. The first portion is chiefly to give Muni a sort of deepness. and besides to do the 2nd portion credible to the readers. At the terminal. it would look a triumph for Muni. who is now in ownership of more money than he has held in his life. Beneath the looking triumph. there can be another concealed significance that ancient India is selling its heritage cheaply. at the cost of its spiritualty. There is a deficiency of involvement by the people in the Equus caballus and warrior statue and this may bring forth the demand of the main roads of present twenty-four hours. Bing published by the Bodley Head Ltd. . Hind Packet Books. New Delhi. Viking Press. etc. `A Horse and two Goats` is a fantastic short narrative written by R. K. Narayan that includes a capturing preservation between a native and a alien.

The Old Man And The Sea Essays (754 words) - The Old Man And The Sea

The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea Relationship, External Nature and Dignity in The Old Man and The Sea Man has always suffered his most to achieve his goal. However if one doesn't experience the danger; will not be prepared to handle his problems. Experience is a part of life which gives man his true identity. Does this identity comes from one's luck or struggle? Relationships on the other hand interpret strength and dignity. Ernest Hemingway has shown this through Manolin's behavior. He is a young boy who follows Santiago and listen to his wisdom. If this dignity is eliminated will it effect there relationship? Santiago's fight with nature symbolizes the troubles of existence. Does this mean that the outer existence is nothing but a perilous world? Relationship, External nature and Dignity are the major themes in The Old Man and the Sea A very important relationship in the novella The Old Man and the Sea is that between Manolin and Santiago. Manolin supports Santiago and helped him to confront his greatest challenge. Manolin proves this when he says, "I would like go fishing with you. I would like to serve you in some way" (p. 15). Manolin is the first person who appreciates Santiago's experience and skills. He wants to be like Santiago and be a skillful fisherman (p.24). Manolin's concern for Santiago is very significant to their relationship. It keeps the united even after a huge difference in their age. When Santiago returns after loosing his spectacular catch, it's Manolin who cries at the sight of the wounds "he saw the old man's hand and started to cry" (p. 122), and vows that he will never allow the old man to fish alone again. Therefore' Manolin has proven his relationship to Santiago through his moral respect. The danger confronting Santiago in the external nature represents the troubles of existence. Heminway's, The Old Man and the Sea represents many meanings to the out side existence. The marlin for example represents struggle, trouble and the last challenge Santiago went through. Santiago's struggle as a fisherman with marlin also symbolizes durability by putting up such a struggle. Accomplishing or obtaining something doesn't always end one's journey. Once Santiago hooked the fish (marlin) he still has further complications (p.57). First, the fish might dive to the bottom and break the line; second, it might die, and sink (p.72). The sharks bring him more trouble afterwards. The cost him to loose his stuff, "He took my harpoon and my rope (p.103). The sharks represent those who tear apart one's success. Therefore, the external nature is nothing but affliction to the mankind. Santiago's dignity as a human being is established by the code of values he loves because he is a fisherman. His last experience as a fisherman gains him his ultimate victory when he goes out and fights nature in the form of terrible creatures, among them, a marlin and sharks. He starts the story in a small skiff and moves out in a journey to capture a fish after a long losing streak of eighty- four days (p. 25). Santiago comes upon a force bigger than his skiff, the marlin that misleads him out past his intended reach (p. 62). Santiago has struggled for three days, which is significant because for three days he continues to fight on though his goal may not acquire anything. But at last his great will power and pride provides him with his greatest victory. Santiago is a man with a great pride and courage. He proves this point through his statement "But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated" (p. 103). This old wrinkled man finally over comes the great force of nature, the marlin by following the code of the fisherman. Finally this novella proves Santiago's profession as a fisherman which leads him to his final perilous experience and his relationship with Manolin .This story has good points, for when it comes to the better parts of the story, it emphasizes by placing in mind step by step of the way Santiago does certain actions. Hemingway has merged three themes already mentioned above successfully unto this book. Among them are Relationship, External Nature, and the code of dignity. The obvious ones are nature; it's cruelty and compassion. Nature caused pain yet gained him victory, caused him emptiness yet satisfied him, and gave the fish yet reclaimed it. Nature is actually more luck than a set of rules, for it can shift back and forth with the greatest of ease. The code of

Footballs governing bodies Essay Example

Footballs governing bodies Essay Example Footballs governing bodies Paper Footballs governing bodies Paper All sports have at least one governing body. This governing body has many responsibilities, including setting rules, setting punishments, controlling draws for competitions and tournaments, etc.  The governing body for football in England is the Football Association. They control football at all levels, from grass roots to the premier league. One of their jobs is to make sure that football is being played using the correct rules and regulations so that each game is fair. They do this by making all referees and officials take a course that teaches them the correct rules of the game, and tests them to make sure they know them. They handle such things as international relations, ethics and sports equity, elite player development and coaching.  The FA has also done many great things that have helped the game in England. An important thing for the future of English football is that we keep producing good young footballing talent. The FA has overseen this by setting up coaching academies and national football centres of excellence. These centres of excellence are where the best young footballers are sent to learn from the best coaches and trainers in England. This helps them progress, and lets them play with and against the best players in their age group. They also make sure that they are educated well, so that if they dont make it in football, they do have a backup plan and other options. : The FA controls the England national team, and also appoints the manager. They have a say in who can and cant be selected for various reasons.  One of the most recent, and high profile cases of the FA refusing to allow a player to be selected for the national team, is when they banned Rio Ferdinand from playing for England. Ferdinand was at the time being charged for failing to take a drugs test. Against the wishes of the England manager Sven Goran Eriksson, the FA refused to allow him to be selected whilst the case was pending. The FA, through its extensive training programme for coaches, has always had as a priority improving the technical quality of coaches across the country. This in turn improves the quality of players, as better coaches mean better players.  The first step to become a coach is to enrol on a FA Coaching Course. By getting on the coaching ladder individuals have the opportunity to progress up through the various FA Coaching qualifications and to enhance their skills and knowledge in coaching. The FA is also involved in running campaigns for the good of the game not only in England, but worldwide. Campaigns such as kick it out have been a huge success. Kick it out is a campaign aimed at eliminating racism from the game in any shape or form. It wants to remove racism from stands, pitches and from football in general. Due to the FAs funding, the campaign has done a great job of achieving its goals, and is teaching the next generation of youngsters not to be racist. Sean Halsey, P.E. homework, Ms Price  Footballs governing bodies  Just as the FA controls football in England, it in turn is controlled by European and worldwide governing bodies.  UEFA is the governing body for European football. It controls tournaments such as the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA cup. Its job is to make sure football is run properly over the whole of Europe, and it has a hand in decisions that affect football worldwide along with FIFA.  FIFA is the governing body for International football. Its decisions affect all international football teams and it has a hand in setting new rules and regulations for football as a whole.

Patenting Rights and USPTO Applications

Patenting Rights and USPTO Applications When an inventor is granted a patent the following will arrive in mail; your US patent will be issued in the name of the United States under the seal of the Patent and Trademark Office, and will be signed by either the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks or bear his/her name and have the signature of a US Patent Office official. The patent contains a grant to the patentee. A printed copy of the specification and drawing is annexed to the patent and forms a part of it. What Rights Does a Patent Grant? The grant confers the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States and its territories and possessions for which the term of the patent shall be 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or (if the application contains a specific reference to an earlier filed patent application) from the date of the earliest such application was filed. However, you have to pay your maintenance fees. Watch the Wording Patent law can be tricky, the key is in the words right to exclude. The patent does not grant the right to make, use, offer for sale or sell or import the invention but only grants the exclusive nature of the right. Any person is ordinarily free to make, use, offer for sale or sell or import anything he/she pleases, and a grant from the US Government is not necessary. The patent only grants the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale or selling or importing the invention. Since the patent does not grant the right to make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import the invention, the patentee’s own right to do so is dependent upon the rights of others and whatever general laws might be applicable. A Patent Does Not Give Unlimited Rights A patentee, merely because he/she has received a patent for an invention, is not thereby authorized to make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import the invention if doing so would violate any law. An inventor of the new automobile who has obtained a patent thereon would not be entitled to use the patented automobile in violation of the laws of a State requiring a license, nor may a patentee sell an article, the sale of which may be forbidden by law, merely because a patent has been obtained. Neither may a patentee make, use, offer for sale, or sell, or import his/her own invention if doing so would infringe the prior rights of others. A patentee may not violate the Federal antitrust laws, such as by resale price agreements or entering into combination in restraints of trade, or the pure food and drug laws, by virtue of having a patent. Ordinarily, there is nothing which prohibits a patentee from making, using, offering for sale, or selling, or importing his/her own invention, unless he/she thereby infringes another’s patent which is still in force. Correction of Granted Patents The Office may issue without charge a certificate correcting a clerical error it has made in the patent when the printed patent does not correspond to the record in the Office. These are mostly corrections of typographical errors made in printing. Some minor errors of a typographical nature made by the applicant may be corrected by a certificate of correction for which a fee is required. The patentee may disclaim (and try to remove) one or more claims of his/her patent by filing in the Office a disclaimer. When the patent is defective in certain respects, the law provides that the patentee may apply for a reissue patent. This is a patent granted to replace the original and is granted only for the balance of the unexpired term. However, the nature of the changes that can be made by means of the reissue are rather limited; new matter cannot be added. Any person may file a request for reexamination of a patent, along with the required fee, on the basis of prior art consisting of patents or printed publications. At the conclusion of the reexamination proceedings, a certificate setting forth the results of the reexamination proceeding is issued. Patent Expiration After the patent has expired anyone may make, use, offer for sale or sell or import the invention without permission of the patentee, provided that matter covered by other unexpired patents is not used. The terms may be extended for certain pharmaceuticals and for certain circumstances as provided by law.

Adverse possession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adverse possession - Essay Example This doctrine is based on limitation of actions whereby certain courses of actions becomes statute barred after a certain period of time. 1.1. How adverse possession is obtained Adverse possession is obtained by a trespasser who has met the common law requirements explained in part 2. In all states, there are statutes of limitations that put a cap on the time which property owner can bring courses of action to recover the property from a trespasser. When such time has lapsed, the trespasser effectively gains title to the land, and if the owner of the land can bring a suit to claim such property later, the trespasser is entitled to claim adverse possession as a defence or counter-claim. In U.K under the Land Registration Act 2002, a trespasser is entitled to make an application to the land registry to be registered as the owner, after meeting the laid down requirements 1.2. Example of adverse possession Mr X purchased a plot in order to put up commercial buildings in M Borough County. He fenced up the plot but due to financial constrains, he was unable to start constructions. For one year, he would send somebody occasionally to slash grass. Over time, Mr Y who owns a plot adjacent to the land started to use the property as his garage. He took over the duty of slashing and general maintenance. Over the years, he even replaced the lock to the main gate three times and fenced the plot such that it was only accessible from his property. At one time, following visits by brokers who wanted to purchase the land, he erected a ‘land not for sale’ sign and additionally indicated that ‘trespassers will be prosecuted’. During all this time, he was fully aware that the plot belonged to Mr. X but did all these developments fully aware of that fact. After 10 years of his presence, Mr. X sent a letter to protest his presence in the property without his consent. However, the matter was not followed up. 13 years later, Mr. X gets the necessary finance an d desires to commence the constructions. In this scenario, Mr. Y is entitled to claim legal ownership of the plot. This is because he had been in actual, notorious and open occupation of the plot for uninterrupted period of 13 years. Evidence of possession is evidenced by the signs that he erected to wade off trespassers and warn potential buyers. His possession was adverse to the title of Mr. X which is evidenced by the letter of protest sent by X. Therefore, Y, who was initially a trespasser, has since displaced X and is therefore entitled to claim legal title to the property. Several circumstances have to be in existence for a trespasser to establish adverse possession. 2. Requirements for adverse possession They include: a) He must have been in actual possession. b) Such possession must be adverse or hostile to title of the true owner. c) Such possession must be continuous or uninterrupted and d) Possession must be open, factual, and notorious so as to amount to constructive not ice to the owner of the property. 2.1. Actual possession Under this requirement, the trespasser must actually be in possession of the land. This implies physical occupation of the land. Besides the physical occupation, the court in Littledale v Liverpool College [1900] 1 Ch 19 held that the trespasser must bear the intention to possess (animus possidendi). However, in Pye v Graham (Oxford) Ltd [2002] UKHL 30 it was held that the squatter need not have a long-term intention to acquire title, it is sufficient if their intention is to displace the owner. Such possession must be possession of the entire property. If the possession

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Leadership - Essay Example In the film Dead Poet’s Society, by Peter Weir, Mr. Keating, is an English teacher at an old preparatory school, who steers his students to greater heights, by teaching his students, through experience, how to think critically. Dead Poet’s Society features a leader, Mr. Keating, an English teacher, who is very disturbing, but at the same time curiously inspiring. Mr. Keating steers his students to love learning and poetry, completely changing their controlled and structured academic existence. He crosses boundaries that should otherwise not be crossed by someone traditionally demanding of respect and authority. He arrives at Hillside Academy, a preparatory school for old boys, to start working as an English teacher. He is an inspirational and involved teacher, who uses declarations, "Carp Per Diem† to conquer the day. Among others, he quotes Whitman Walt and relates his overall theme of rising above mediocrity and convention, to these literary passages. He encourages his students to approach learning through a more intuitive and deeper understanding of life from literature, as opposed to rote memorization and structure. Mr. Keating illustrates two different methods of leadership. It displays individual reactions to each other, and the consequences of these leadership methods. The leadership approach of Mr. Keating’s creates a strong student- teacher bond thus empowering them to be successful. In his classroom, students have no other choice than to think for themselves. Keating’s actions and words strengthen his personal connection to his students as well as a sense of trust. Trust goes a long way in creating respect, concern, fairness and understanding. However, he at times sets up himself as the only one who can lead students to this greater understanding, but his motivation is wholly admirable. This attempt, unconscious about his part, paradoxically creates a similar situation that

“Sophie’s World” by Jostein Gaarder Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Sophie’s World† by Jostein Gaarder Essay After I read â€Å"Sophie’s World† by Jostein Gaarder, I was opened up to the different ways of thinking by many well-known philosophers. Each philosopher had their own point of view and ways of thinking. Ranging from religious perspectives to over the top ideas that were unaccepted by the people of their time, these men tried to answer philosophical questions such as â€Å"What is our purpose in life?† and â€Å"Where did the world come from?†. During their times, such thinking was looked down upon and some even got executed for threatening their cultures way of thinking. Socrates, who encouraged his pupils to increase their range of beliefs, got poisoned for breaking ancient Greek religious views and was said to be ‘corrupting the youth’. A few of these philosophers had points that agreed with my own beliefs, such as Soren Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard said that the truth does not only lie in objective things such as facts, but also in subjective things. He believed that life was more about your own values and beliefs rather than reason and strict rules. I relate to his laid back since of mind, because I am a laid back type of person. Many of today’s creative ways of thinking would not have been achieved without someone just relying completely on their own imagination. Even though this book was intriguing, it really didn’t change my way of thinking. Yes, it was entertaining to learn about how ancient philosophers tried to explain the world, I’m not sure it impacted my life in any way. Like all of these philosophers changed by brain teasing ideas that were forced upon me. I did agree with some points that these philosophers made, but only ones that supported my Christian faith. The book itself said â€Å"Where both reason and experience fall short, there occurs a vacuum that can be filled by faith.† Science and philosophy can only go so far. Science can explain why things have to hit the ground after it had been thrown and philosophy can attempt to explain if it didn’t hit the ground one time why a grown person would be more shocked than a kid. But the fact is no one can explain why something happens at a  certain time, at a certain place. Only faith can do that. Even though those philosophers attempted to explain things like where the Earth came from, none of them ever came to an agreeable conclusion. This book did make me think deeper about some of the concepts that were easier to grasp, but I believe philosophy is something I am not interested in. However, I did take interest in the section of the book about psychology,and I think many of the philosophers could have also been classified as psychologists also. This section included interesting facts about dreaming and the subconscious mind. Philosophers sometimes supported their reasoning with observations from the subconscious mind. For example, unexplainable things easily classified as ‘supernatural’ actually came from the imaginative part of the brain. These chapters taught me that the brain can do impressive things, even while sleeping! Studies show that the brain usually sends messages from the conscious brain to the unconscious brain in the form of dreams. Even if you don’t realize it, your brain is secretly  telling itself what it wants during your sleep and it is receiving them and analyzing them as images that we would see when we are awake. That’s how some dreams feel so real when they are clearly just your unconscious mind â€Å"speaking† to you. All together, â€Å"Sophie’s World†, like every other book, has its pros and cons. To completely enjoy the book, let the book take you to places you never thought possible. Open your eyes and prepare for the ride of your life, one you will never forget.

Black Boy :: Essays Papers

Black Boy3 Most young people have a dream of what they want to become. Maybe it doesn’t have to be a dream, but some kind of goal that they reach for. In the book, Black Boy, Richard, the main character, also had a dream, even though he lived in the South with strong white discrimination, pressure and a bad relationship with his relatives. As a student right now, I have dreams that I want to achieve in the future, even though I really don’t know how to achieve those dreams. Usually, when people are young, they have dreams of what they want to become. Those dreams may be being a firefighter, baseball player, teacher, pilot and so many other great jobs. When I was a child, I really wanted to become a pilot. The reason that I wanted to become a pilot when I was a child is that my father is a pilot. Richard had a dream to become a writer. However, Richard Wright’s main dream and reasons that made him have his dream are really different from mine. Richard was discriminated against by the whites, and was not treated fairly by his relatives. This terrible environment, which Richard lived through his young age, led him to seek freedom in nature. Even though he dreamed to become a writer, he had no leeway to think about dreams like that or mine. At first, he was just hungry for a better life and environment. Richard’s dream was to go up North for a better life and environment because he was tired of the discrimination and the racial distin ction between whites and blacks. Richard and I are similar in some ways. I really don’t know how to get a job or anything. It is the same as Richard for not knowing the reality of being in the North and becoming a writer. He just imagined himself working all over the place where he could find jobs as one step to reach his dream. I study here in Keio and I believe that it is a step and part of a process to be an adequate person, to gain enough knowledge to have a job in the future. My dream right now is to have a job that would let me work in a foreign country.

Human Relations Essay

Human relation is a thread which connects one human being with another. Such relations help us identify our position in society with respect to people around us. These relations provide ways to expose the hidden anthropological factor in all humans. Our appearances whether physical or emotional are often deceptive as they do not necessarily reflect true intentions. Studying human relations involves understanding the subconscious human thinking that influences our motivations (Henderson 17). The following essay deals with the importance of inter human relations on human growth and success. Keywords: social, interaction, people, relation, existence, communication, failure, understanding, business, knowledge, motive The evolution of human being from an unthinkable ape to a thinkable animal is a noteworthy phenomenon. We have learned, demonstrated and understood that man is a social animal. Several qualities which are dormant in him come to surface when man is exposed to similar creatures and situations which stimulate his brain cells. Communication capabilities and successful interaction with one another has made him share ideas and commodities for fulfilling his requirements since ancient times. Human existence is itself a struggle against our environmental conditions. To gain all that can be gained, to achieve all that can be achieved and to conquer all that can be conquered is the motto of human living today. Demand for success in every deed has become an inseparable aspect of human efforts. Man has tremendous potential to carve path for himself and achieve phenomenal success. We have known great people such as Edison, Newton, Einstein and many more who have stood rooted against all odds and such is their success that their names are at the tip of our tongue. It should be noted that although individual survival is possible but growth and success are fairly dependent upon establishing and maintaining human relations. For instance let us consider the case of a businessman trying to market a product to boost his company sales. Substantial improvement in productivity can be viewed with apt co-operation from people in various departments such as those concerned with product delivery, packaging, costing, advertising and ultimately the customer. A splendid combination of co-operation from everyone involved needs remarkable communication and a good understanding amongst participants. A failure in this will always have quantifiable repercussions on the businessman’s attempts to run his company. One also has to understand that entire chain of activities needs a wise action plan and wishful involvement of people. â€Å"It is a known fact that businesses become more effective as their employees become better adjusted emotionally† (Henderson 16). Maintaining an excellent rapport by keeping healthy human relations is significant for the success of every individual involved. As rightly suggested by Huczynski, human relations have the power and ability to firmly hold entire industrial society which was once considered a shaky fabric. This was considered possible because of inherent human desire for intimacy and predictability in day to day activities (127). We also know that unity adds strength. Unity arrives from strong bonding amongst a group of people. These strong bonds can be maintained by keeping good human relations. Maintaining good human relations facilitates co-operation and increases our power even as an individual. A good ensures support during adversities. Personal growth carries different meaning to different people. Few may find substantial growth and happiness in group work whereas some others may find it easier to tread their paths alone. Success and personal growth do not come on their own accord. They demand involvement, hard work, determination and perseverance. Success in certain field also requires knowledge of subjects from some other areas which are to be acquired with help from other people. This involvement from other people can only happen if a good quality of interpersonal relationship exists among them. Improper human relations create huge communication gap and dampen a person’s motivation and urge. What exactly is personal growth? Expanding our dimensions of knowledge and understanding without any involvement with others is nearly impossible. A bad relation stems from selfish motives, insufficient understanding between people and it often leads to conflicts. Such conflicts cause mental instability and are a major reason for war. A person is said to grow when he/she grows not only physically but also psychologically and spiritually. Let us understand this with the analogy of plants. A plant cannot grow on its own. Through years it has developed relations with sun, soil, water, fertilizers, oxygen, other plants for pollination, etc which are all essential for its growth. Same is the case with humans. The crux of entire discussion lies in attempting to focus on best possible human relations. A good human relation is very essential for individual growth and success. A good relation nurtures happiness, promises satisfaction and opens new horizons for success. As Butler-Bowdown writes about Covey; until one can understand others’ way of seeing, one cannot be truly successful. Personal growth isn’t always about doing something new but about doing something in new light and learning to see world with other’s eyes (93). An exemplary shift in human relations triggers personal achievements at a high level!

Terrorism and Immigration Legal Report

As the world's population grew, so did political and economic instability, as well as major international conflicts. Tensions between countries and cultures tightened, and eventually and inevitably, one of them attacked. This terrorist act brought with it the panic and chaos fuelled haze that was post-911 Australia, and similar to many situations in the past, the fear and vulnerability associated with the community allowed the government quite a substantial amount of political power. This atmosphere of fear and ignorance lead to several incomplete and somewhat extreme pieces of Anti terrorist legislation to be passed by the Howard government, in order to ensure the safety of all Australians, or so they said. Dr Mohammed Haneef a doctor working in Queensland on a skilled migrant visa, soon found himself a victim of these laws. When two Indian men attempted to bomb an airport in Glasgow, UK, Mohammed Haneef became a suspect in the eyes of the Australian Federal Police, and was arrested shortly. Several blunders and misinterpretations by the AFP lead to the wrongful detention and charging of Dr Haneef, a man who spent a total of 12 days in detention without being charged and had his visa unfairly revoked during his trial. Haneef was eventually released and all charges were dropped against him, when the Public Prosecutor determined that there was no legitimate trial against him. However, the course of events that Dr Haneef experienced brought to light the glaring dilemmas associated with Australia's radical Anti Terrorist laws and corresponding government agencies. The Clarke inquiry and concurrent recommendations As a result of the badly handled Mohammed Haneef case, the labour party ordered a full inquiry be conducted into the legal case, in order to identify the key faults and inefficiencies in government agencies and legislation that related to the Haneef Case. This Inquiry was called the Clarke inquiry, conducted by John Clarke, a Supreme Court judge. Despite the inquiry lacking several crucial powers, it worked well to suggest a number of key findings and recommendations. Some very key recommendations that worked toward rectifying mistakes made in the Haneef case were as follows: That the government consider establishing legislation or necessary arrangements that would consequently apply to other inquiries and reviews that involve national security. That parliament review part 1c of the Crimes act 1914, the part that relates to terrorism offences. That the Australian government appoint an independent reviewer of the Australian counter terrorism laws. That the Minister for immigration and citizenship be included in the list for security intelligence notifications and reports produced by ASIO, in order to prevent miscommunication in the future. All of these recommendations and more were implemented and thoroughly elaborated on by the Australian government. Anti-Terrorism laws reformed due to the Haneef case. Following the Haneef case and the Clarke inquiry, the government decided that necessary reforms were in order and announced its intentions to amend and alter several Anti-terrorism laws in order for them to correlate with conventional, sophisticated standards, standards that find a fair balance between national security and civil liberties. The Labour government took a major step in deciding to abolish the sedition terms within anti terror legislation while focusing more on rebellious acts that insight violence. The previous laws were deemed restricting of academic liberty and free speech. Some of the other significant changes listed in a newspaper article include the advancement of individual review of the Australian federal police, the government's decision to broaden powers assigned to the Inspector general of intelligence and security which allows inquiries to extend across all National security agencies, and the in-statement of an independent reviewer of Australia's counter terrorism laws, to be named the National security Legislation Monitor. These reforms are a strong representation in the government's effectiveness in update obsolete or otherwise procedurally dangerous Anti-Terror laws. These changes are the first of many steps in order to find the balance between human rights and National security. Claims for compensation by Mohammed Haneef After the ill handled arrest and charge against Mohammed Haneef and the distasteful cancellation of his Visa, Haneef has finally returned to Australia to claim compensation against the federal government on the basis on his trauma, loss of wages and career, defamation. Despite having an almost iron hard case against the federal government, Haneef opted to first try his best to resolve the manner through a mediation process. A News article reported that Mohammed Haneef's lawyers were able to reach an agreement with the federal government and rested his claims for compensation, a substantial claim, though the actual amount is undisclosed. It can be seen as a victory for the Mohammed Haneef and the Australian government, whose reputation will be partially restored over the matter. The government chose to make a good decision and provide Haneef with legitimate compensation through very discreet and uncontroversial means, casting little to no negative association to the government. Formal apology from the Federal government Almost immediately following Dr Haneef's success in claiming compensation, as reported in a relevant media article, the federal government released a document in the form of a formal apology on behalf of the AFP's several blunders and misinterpretations, which lead to the prolonged detention and charge of Mohammed Haneef. Haneef's lawyer congratulated the Government for recognising the need for such measures in a formal declaration of innocence, that would help clear Haneef's name of any wrong doing . The AFP also participated in the assist of Dr Haneef's claim for compensation, and were eager to rectify its previous hastily made mistakes. The Federal government's formal apology not only allowed Haneef's professional reputation be cleansed, but also publicly rid them of any negative association with the controversial court case. Conclusion The politically fueled implementation of Anti-terrorism legislation by the Howard government was a rushed and ineffective endeavor, and despite Mohammed Haneef becoming the victim of such broad laws, his Case, as well as the efforts of the labour government, allowed these radical laws to be reformed to concur with Australia's legal and utilitarian standards.

I Etyw#Tw43 T34 Essay Example

I Etyw#Tw43 T34 Essay Example I Etyw#Tw43 T34 Essay I Etyw#Tw43 T34 Essay The world is filled with violence. Because criminals carry guns, we decent law-abiding citizens should also have guns. Otherwise they will win and the decent people will lose. James Earl JonesTo take away firearms would mean leaving law abiding citizens defenseless in a life or death situation. If you were to take the hundreds of millions of legally obtained guns away from the citizens of the United States, and proceed to stop selling firearms in stores, the only people that would be left with guns would be the criminals that illegally obtained them, and law enforcement. We call the police because they have firearms, not because they have pens to write down what already happened to us. If the police use guns to come protect citizens, why can’t the citizens themselves have guns? Sometimes the police won’t be able to come to your aid in time, and you owning a gun may be the only way to protect you and your loved ones. Owning a firearm is a right that all American citizen s should retain. Home owners need a way to protect themselves and their property from criminals. Banning firearms would only leave law abiding citizens defenseless. Banning firearms in the United States may lower gun related violence, but that doesn’t mean crime itself will go down. Both the United Kingdom and Australia currently have very strict gun laws in place. These laws were issued in 1997, but since then violent crimes have only increased. The amount of crimes committed in 1997 for England and Whales is around 5,000,000. The amount of crimes committed in 2005 for England and Whales is about 6,000,000. These statistics show that even if you put strict firearm laws in to effect, that doesn’t mean crime, will go down. For England, Whales and Australia, crime only seemed to increase. Many citizens in the United States feel that guns are to blame for fire arm related deaths, not people, and to ban guns would lower deaths. However, many other citizens feel that people are to blame,

How to Supercharge Your Task Workflows With CoSchedule [DEMO]

How to Supercharge Your Task Workflows With [DEMO] You may have noticed that there are some changes to how tasks function inside your calendar. Were working hard to make sure were giving you all the control you need to have a successful workflow. Get familiar with all new changes and learn more about what is coming in the near future to help make your workflow simpler AND smoother inside of . How To Supercharge Your Task Workflows With The new task refresh now allows you to: Easily assign + schedule tasks with a single click (no more drop downs and triple clicks) Every task now has an added section for  more details  (so you can give your team the  context  they need to get the job done right). Prioritizing tasks (based on what matters to you) is now a thing (i.e. we won’t force you to prioritize by date). Take action  on tasks in your NEW task dashboard. Reorder and prioritize your tasks based on your workflow. You can now use the task dashboard for BOTH your personal + team to-do lists. Task Approvals (available on Team Pro plans and higher) is NOW a part of your workflow! Which means you can assign folks to review tasks, make decisions faster, and keep track of everything directly in .

RESEARCH NURSING ARTICLES CRITIQUE Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RESEARCH NURSING ARTICLES CRITIQUE - Article Example Taking into considerations various knowledge that a research provides, in this essay two such works related to the field of nursing shall be critiqued and evaluated. The first chosen research for the critique is titled: â€Å"Caring for adults with intellectual disabilities: perceived challenges for nurses in accident and emergency units† and the other one is: â€Å"Parents experiences of general hospital admission for adults with learning disabilities†. Taking the research process steps as the systematic guidance for the critique, both of these researches shall be evaluated for their strengths and weakness in various aspects. The critique shall be based on the research question of â€Å"the perspective of both the parents and the staff in the experiences in hospitals with the adults suffering from intellectual disabilities†. And both the researches are chosen taking in mind this research question. The essay shall be concluded with some evaluation of its findings . A title of any written piece must function as an overall informer of whatever findings and conclusions are going to unfold in the reading. Same applies to a research. And the two researches under our investigation do have their titles suggesting their actual findings. The first title mentions the ‘Caring for adults with intellectual disabilities’ first and then clarifies the precise purpose of the study by mentioning ‘challenges for nurses in accident and emergency units’. The title of the second research too confirms its aim by mentioning the exact findings. We understand that the research is going to investigate the experiences of the parents in hospitals while admitting their adult children with learning disabilities. Both the titles suggest clearly that the researches are going to be qualitative. The information of the authors provided before the vary start of the paper do give the readers the knowledge that the researches are carried out by qualified and experienced authors.

Letter of motivation to a Prospective Employer Essay

Letter of motivation to a Prospective Employer - Essay Example I did the following courses during my studies for the Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Criminal Justice and Administration: Contemporary issues in Criminal Justice, Criminology, Policing Theory and Practice, Criminal Law, Interpersonal Communication, Institutional and Communication, Institutional and Community Corrections, Criminal Procedure, Criminal Court Systems, Criminal Organizations, Juvenile Justice Systems and Process, Ethics in Criminal Justice, Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice, Research Methods in Criminal Justice, Organizational Behaviour and Management, Criminal Justice Administration, Foundations of Criminal Justice, Criminal Justice Policy Analysis, Managing Criminal Justice Personnel, Futures of Criminal Justice, and Interdisciplinary Capstone Course. All these courses are specially designed to equip the student with the knowledge and skills required in dealing with managerial as well as leadership aspects that are related to the operations of the criminal justice agencies. The courses offer a strong foundation of theoretical knowledge that can be transformed into real life practice in the profession of criminal justice. It is my strong conviction that the knowledge I have gained in the field of Criminal justice have greatly enhanced my managerial and administrative skills that are closely related to law enforcement, the criminal courts and corrections. My degree program is designed to offer the students with a strong background in criminal justice principles, theories as well as concepts that are related to justice administration. All the courses I have taken are designed to fulfil the core aspects of criminal justice as portrayed in the domains of courts, police services as well as corrections. The programme offers a global perspective to the realm of criminal justice and it fulfils various management functions that can improve the operations of various managerial departments in related agencies that deal with criminal justice. The courses I took will greatly help me in my profession since I am better positioned to approach any situation with self determination as a result of the valuable theoretical knowledge I gained in each course and I can transform it into real practice. Basically, the BSCJA programme is designed to fulfil various goals and these were fulfilled both in theory and in practice through practical lessons by my tutors who are serving members of the justice system. My professors teach from a practical stand point and this curriculum is designed to equip the student with the much needed practical experience in this particular field where he is given the opportunity to transform the theoretical knowledge gained into real practice. As such, I believe I have the following competencies that can positively contribute to the overall performance of the organization as a whole. I have good communication skills and can communicate both verbally and written at all levels. The valuable knowledge I have gai ned in this particular discipline have developed my style of systematic, creative and logical thinking. I can diligently approach any given scenario and I can find solutions to

The Politics and Sociology of Media and Culture Essay

The Politics and Sociology of Media and Culture - Essay Example However, a particularly vulnerable sector or demographic are adolescents, not only because of the access they have to virtually all forms of media – such as the internet, television, radio, newspapers and magazines – but also because they are at an age where they are particularly vulnerable. They have yet to develop sufficient maturity and discernment necessary to filter out potentially destructive messages and unhealthy ideas streaming in from various media sources. One such threat to adolescents in particular and to the general viewing public in general are reality TV shows. There have been a slew of reality TV shows out in the market over the past few years. Some of them test one’s physical mettle like Amazing Race, others have to do with the search for love like The Bachelor or The Bachelorette, others test one’s aptitude in various fields of endeavor like The Apprentice, and yet others talk about undergoing physical transformations like The Swan, a reality TV series in the United States produced by Fox TV. The show â€Å"The Swan† is rife with political and sociological meaning. While it is indeed very entertaining and riveting, it is loaded with so many negative messages that present trouble for the impressionable adolescent girl-child. First of all, it breeds stereotypes. It has long been established that factual and fictional media portrayals have a propensity to activate culturally shared racial and gender stereotypes and affect judgment involving those who belong to stereotyped groups

Overview of Sarcopenia

Overview of Sarcopenia Background Sarcopenia is age related disease with symptoms of loss of muscle mass, strength and function. Elderly over the age of 65 years are vulnerable to sarcopenia [6]. It is estimated that approximated 5-13% of older people aged 60–70 years are suffered from sarcopenia [8]. The proportion is about twice higher among elderly at the age of 80 or above [8]. Studies also found that sarcopenia is more likely seen in older men than older women [16,26]. Sarcopenia gains intensive attention from public and increasing researches indicated that it is a major clinical problem for older people. Risk factors of sarcopenia Current research found that lifestyle factors, including physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consuming [3]; and biological factors, including older age, gender, decreased hormone level, motor unit remodeling and reduced protein synthesis [3,25], contribute to development of sarcopenia. Motor unit remodeling comes up of age and leads to replacement of fast twitch motor neuron[22,25] which results in less precise control of movements, less force production and slowing of muscle mechanics[22,23,25] as remodeled motor unit are smaller in size and slower to contract. Therefore, loss of fast twitch fibers increases risk of having sarcopenia. In addition, protein synthesis, growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are considered to be associated with sarcopenia as well [25]. It is well known that protein is important in muscle repairmen. And GH, T and IGF-1 are involved in protein metabolism and maintenance [23]. Different studies agreed that protein synthesis rate decreases throughout the natural aging process [24] and leads to loss of muscle mass. Thus, low protein synthesis rate, along with decrease in these hormones level provide possible occurrence of sarcopenia [25]. Consequences of sarcopenia Sarcopenia causes serious consequences not only at individual level but also at societal level. On the one hand, loss of muscle mass, strength and function lead to adverse health outcome in terms of frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality [8]. Essentially, sarcopenia is about twice as common as frailty [9]. Also, sarcopenia occurs with other morbidity in some times. Some of the co-morbidity are obesity [4,13], hypertension, osteoporosis [12] and type II diabetes [5,14,15]. Moreover, research suggests that loss of skeletal muscle strength may predict future mortality in middle-aged and elderly [2]. On the other hand, sarcopenia is linked with increased healthcare expenditure. In United States, the estimated direct healthcare attributable to sarcopenia represented about 1.5% of total healthcare expenditure in 2000 [21]. Diagnosis of sarcopenia according to different consensus panels Although research working in the area of sarcopenia is expanding exponentially, a universal definition is still under development. On average, current definitions are including muscle mass, muscle strength or even physical function. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published guidelines to help identify sarcopenia [1,9]. According to the EWGSOP, a person will be classified as having sarcopenia when two of three follow criteria were statisfied: (A) low muscle mass and (B) low muscle strength and/or (C) low physical performance [1]. Low muscle mass is defined as muscle mass ≠¥2 standard deviations below the mean of reference population [8], calculating by equipment such as DEXA-scanners. Low physical performance is defined as gait speed ≠¤ 0.8 m/s in the 4 meters walk test for both males and females [8]. International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) suggested diagnosing sarcopenia when the following criteria are fulfilled: (a) gait speed was < 1 m/s and (b) low muscle mass (cutoff value is similar to EWGSOP) [8]. The European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Special Interest Groups carried out that the cut off values for low muscle mass is defined as percentage of muscle mass > 2 SDs below the mean of reference individuals; for walking speed is < 0.8 m/s in the 4 meters walk test [1]. Measurement of muscle mass and muscle strength Muscle strength is mainly assessed by handgrip. While physical performance can be measured using simple tests such as the short physical performance battery test, usual gait speed or the timed get-up-and-go test; it is difficult to assess muscle mass in practice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is recently proposed as the gold standard for muscle mass measurement. Other methods include bioelectrical impedance, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, urinary excretion of creatinine, anthropometric assessments, and neutron activation assessments can be used for measurement of muscle mass as well [8]. The process is complicated and need participation of professionals. Prevalence of sarcopenia varies as use of cut-off points relies on different instruments used for assessing muscle mass and strength and function. SARC-F, a newly developed simple questionnaire, has been regarded as rapid diagnosis test for sarcopenia. It contains five components: strength, assistance in walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs and falls. A question will be asked to assess each component variable. Scores range from 0-10, with 0-2 for each component [7]. Details of SARC-F are shown in table 1. Cut-off score A research conducted in Hong Kong tests the validation of SARC-F as a screening tool for sarcopenia in community. It found that SARC-F is able to predict future adverse outcomes with comparable power to other criteria. It also found that SARC-F has excellent specificity (94.4%) and negative predictive value but poor sensitivity. With high specificity, SARC-F is useful for screening out older adults with sarcopenia. Poor sensitivity may due to the number of participants classified as having sarcopenia represent only a small proportion of the total population studied [10]. Another research applied SARC-F in mainland China to screen sarcopenia and physical disability. It published that poor physical performance and grip strength were associated with SARC-F defined sarcopenia. But there was a very weak correlation to muscle mass in physically active outpatients. It pointed out potential explanation that the weak correlation may partly due to only small sample measured by DXA or BIA [11]. Relevance to Public Health Sarcopenia is coming of age. Elderly population is expected to remain on a rising trend in most of developed countries. In Hong Kong the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is projected to rise markedly from 13% in 2012 to 30% in 2041 []. It means that increasing population will suffer from sarcopenia. It is not surprise that sarcopenia increase the risk of physical disability. The risk of disability is 1.5 to 4.6 times higher in older persons with sarcopenia than in older persons with normal muscle. Men are at greater risk of sarcopenia related disability than women [16]. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 45% of the older U.S. population is sarcopenic and that approximately 20% of the older U.S. population is functionally disabled [21]. It is important to note that physical disability is associated with an increased risk of nursing home placement, home healthcare and hospital use [21]. And these healthcare services need extra healthcare expenditure to support. To sum up with information above, sarcopenia is becoming big challenge in public along with the rise of older population. It is cause serious health consequences in persons and make economic burden in countries.

Jesus the Warrior in The Dream of the Rood Essay -- Poetry Analysis

The image of Jesus nailed to a wooden cross by the palms of his hands and with a crown of thorns wrapped around his head is one that has transcended all time barriers. It has inclusive been replicated into figure form that is utilized in various ways but whose primary function is to serve as a constant reminder of the physical suffering endured by Jesus. In The Dream of the Rood however, the perception of Jesus Christ as not only the son of God and savior of mankind but also as a human with the capacity to feel pain, is subverted when through the perspective of a personified cross he is conveyed as a warrior in the midst of combat. The portrayal of Jesus in this way immediately evokes the image of an ideal stereotypical hero who is strong, courageous, and unrelenting in appearance. Nevertheless, it can be said that this type of hero is more inclined towards fantasy than it is based on reality because these idealized heroic figures have only ever truly existed in a fictional universe. The depiction of Jesus as a warrior thus, undermines forms of heroism that stem from explicit suffering that is not concealed but rather expressed by the individual. In the text, Jesus is made out to be a warrior in a literal manner in order to accentuate his act of heroism. Although it can be argued that Jesus was in fact a warrior, this argument is only valid if speaking in figurative terms since being a warrior and fighting in battles was not his profession. Jesus is first identified as a warrior during a particular moment when the cross observes as, â€Å"[†¦] the young Hero stripped himself—[†¦]God Almighty—strong and stouthearted. He climbed on the high gallows bold in the sight of many when he would free mankind† (28). By referring to Jesus as a â€Å"h... ...eying these emotions. It is the expression these emotions that is mistaken for weakness. However, while it is true that warriors for the most part are viewed as heroic figures, it is not the armor or the seemingly courageous appearance that they put up in front of a crowd that defines them as heroes. The way that Jesus is presented in the bible does not make him any less of a hero when compared to the way he is portrayed in the poem. It is the action and motive behind the action that ultimately determines who is heroic. Works Cited †¢ Greenblatt, Stephen, and M. H. Abrams. "The Dream of The Rood." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. 27-29. Print. †¢ Mark. The Holy Bible. The New King James Version ed. Thomas Nelson, 1985. Print. †¢ Mathew. The Holy Bible. The New King James Version ed. Thomas Nelson, 1985. Print.

Evolution of Mobile Phone Technology

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2. 2 pounds (1 kg). From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12. million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. In 2012, for the first time since 2009 mobile phone sales to end users is declining by 1. 7 percent to 1. 75 billion units which is dominated by Samsung for 385 million units (53. 5 percent is smartphones) and Apple for 130 million units of all smartphones. History The first mobile tel ephone calls were made from cars in 1946. Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service was made on 17 June in St. Louis, Missouri, followed by Illinois Bell Telephone Company's car radiotelephone service in Chicago on 2 October. The MTA phones were composed of vacuum tubes and relays, and weighed over 80 pounds (36 kg).. John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable communication products in 1973, played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone equipment. Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the cellular phone. Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, was the key researcher on Mitchell's team that developed the first hand-held mobile telephone for use on a cellular network. Using a somewhat heavy portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a handheld mobile phone on 3 April 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. As I walked down the street while talking on the phone, sophisticated New Yorkers gaped at the sight of someone actually moving around while making a phone call. Remember that in 1973, there weren't cordless telephones or cellular phones. I made numerous calls, including one where I crossed the street while talking to a New York radio reporter – probably one of the more dangerous things I have ever done in my life. Martin Cooper The new invention sold for $3,995 and weighed two pounds, leading to a nickname â€Å"the brick†. The world's first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Several countries t hen followed in the early-to-mid 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAc mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to hit the market. The phone had a talk time of just half an hour and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands. In 1991, the second generation (2G) cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard, which sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators. Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming media. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U. S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera. Handheld mobile phone Prior to 1973, mobile telephony was limited to phones installed in cars and other vehicles. [13] Motorola and Bell Labs raced to be the first to produce a handheld mobile phone. That race ended on 3 April 1973 when Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. The prototype handheld phone used by Dr. Cooper weighed 2. 5 pounds and measured 9 inches long, 5 inches deep and 1. 75 inches wide. The prototype offered a talk time of just 30 minutes and took 10 hours to re-charge. John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable communication products and Cooper's boss in 1973, played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone equipment. Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the cellular phone. Analog cellular networks – 1G The first analog cellular system widely deployed in North America was the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). It was commercially introduced in the Americas in 1978, Israel in 1986, and Australia in 1987. AMPS was a pioneering technology that helped drive mass market usage of cellular technology, but it had several serious issues by modern standards. It was unencrypted and easily vulnerable to eavesdropping via a scanner; it was susceptible to cell phone â€Å"cloning;† Many of the iconic early commercial cell phones such as the Motorola DynaTAC Analog AMPS were eventually superseded by Digital AMPS (D-AMPS) in 1990, and AMPS service was shut down by most North American carriers by 2008. Digital cellular networks – 2G In the 1990s, the ‘second generation' mobile phone systems emerged. Two systems competed for supremacy in the global market: the European developed GSM standard and the U. S. developed CDMA standard. These differed from the previous generation by using digital instead of analog transmission, and also fast out-of-band phone-to-network signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G was explosive and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones. In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America, though with some overlap. For example, the 00 MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels. In 1993, IBM Simon was introduced. This was possibly the world's first smartphone. It was a mobile phone, pager, fax machine, and PD A all rolled into one. It included a calendar, address book, clock, calculator, notepad, email, and a touchscreen with a QWERTY keyboard. The IBM Simon had a stylus you used to tap the touch screen with. It featured predictive typing that would guess the next characters as you tapped. It had apps, or at least a way to deliver more features by plugging a PCMCIA 1. 8 MB memory card into the phone. Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the larger â€Å"brick† phones toward tiny 100–200g hand-held devices. This change was possible not only through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also because of the higher density of cell sites to accommodate increasing usage. The latter meant that the average distance transmission from phone to the base station shortened, leading to increased battery life whilst on the move. The second generation introduced a new variant of communication called SMS or text messaging. It was initially available only on GSM networks but spread eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK on 3 December 1992 followed in 1993 by the first person-to-person SMS sent in Finland. The advent of prepaid services in the late 1990s soon made SMS the communication method of choice amongst the young, a trend which spread across all ages. G also introduced the ability to access media content on mobile phones. In 1998 the first downloadable content sold to mobile phones was the ring tone, launched by Finland's Radiolinja (now Elisa). Advertising on the mobile phone first appeared in Finland when a free daily SMS news headline service was launched in 2000, sponsored by advertising. Mobile p ayments were trialed in 1998 in Finland and Sweden where a mobile phone was used to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine and car parking. Commercial launches followed in 1999 in Norway. The first commercial payment system to mimic banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart. The first full internet service on mobile phones was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1999. Mobile broadband data – 3G As the use of 2G phones became more widespread and people began to utilize mobile phones in their daily lives, it became clear that demand for data services (such as access to the internet) was growing. Furthermore, experience from fixed broadband services showed there would also be an ever increasing demand for greater data speeds. The 2G technology was nowhere near up to the job, so the industry began to work on the next generation of technology known as 3G. The main technological difference that distinguishes 3G technology from 2G technology is the use of packet switching rather than circuit switching for data transmission. In addition, the standardization process focused on requirements more than technology (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors, for example). Inevitably this led to many competing standards with different contenders pushing their own technologies, and the vision of a single unified worldwide standard looked far from reality. The standard 2G CDMA networks became 3G compliant with the adoption of Revision A to EV-DO, which made several additions to the protocol whilst retaining backwards compatibility: * the introduction of several new forward link data rates that increase the maximum burst rate from 2. 45 Mbit/s to 3. 1 Mbit/s. * protocols that would decrease connection establishment time. the ability for more than one mobile to share the same time slot. * the introduction of QoS flags. All these were put in place to allow for low latency, low bit rate communications such as VoIP. The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on 1 October 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard. In the mid 2000s (decade), an evolution of 3G technology begun to be implemented, namely High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3. G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1. 8, 3. 6, 7. 2 and 14. 0 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up to 42 Mbit/s downlink and 84 Mbit/s with Release 9 of the 3GPP standards. By the end of 2007, there were 295 million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base. About two thirds of these were on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over 120 Billion dollars of revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer supplies phones of the second generation. Although mobile phones had long had the ability to access data networks such as the Internet, it was not until the widespread availability of good quality 3G coverage in the mid-2000s (decade) that specialized devices appeared to access the mobile internet. The first such devices, known as â€Å"dongles†, plugged directly into a computer through the USB port. Another new class of device appeared subsequently, the so-called â€Å"compact wireless router† such as the Novatel MiFi, which makes 3G internet connectivity available to multiple computers simultaneously over Wi-Fi, rather than just to a single computer via a USB plug-in. Such devices became especially popular for use with laptop computers due to the added portability they bestow. Consequently, some computer manufacturers started to embed the mobile data function directly into the laptop so a dongle or MiFi wasn't needed. Instead, the SIM card could be inserted directly into the device itself to access the mobile data services. Such 3G-capable laptops became commonly known as â€Å"netbooks†. Other types of data-aware devices followed in the netbook's footsteps. By the beginning of 2010, E-readers, such as the Amazon Kindle and the Nook from Barnes & Noble, had already become available with embedded wireless internet, and Apple Computer had announced plans for embedded wireless internet on its iPad tablet devices beginning that Fall. Native IP networks – 4G By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming media. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies. The first two commercially available technologies billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard (offered in the U. S. by Sprint) and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera. One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its elimination of circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, utilizing packet switching over internet, LAN or WAN networks via VoIP. Evolution 2G networks were built mainly for voice services and slow data transmission (defined in IMT-2000 specification documents), but are considered by the general public to be 2. 5G or 2. 75G services because they are several times slower than present-day 3G service. . 5G (GPRS) 2. 5G (â€Å"second and a half generation†) is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet-switched domain in addition to the circuit-switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit-switched data services (HSCSD) as well. The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G occurred with the introdu ction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). CDMA2000 networks similarly evolved through the introduction of 1xRTT. The combination of these capabilities came to be known as 2. 5G. GPRS could provide data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s. It can be used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access. GPRS data transfer is typically charged per megabyte of traffic transferred, while data communication via traditional circuit switching is billed per minute of connection time, independent of whether the user actually is utilizing the capacity or is in an idle state. 1xRTT supports bi-directional (up and downlink) peak data rates up to 153. kbit/s, delivering an average user data throughput of 80-100 kbit/s in commercial networks. It can also be used for WAP, SMS & MMS services, as well as Internet access. 2. 75G (EDGE) GPRS1 networks evolved to EDGE networks with the introduction of 8PSK encoding. Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC) is a backward-compatible digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates, as an extension on top of standard GSM. EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003—initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States. EDGE is standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSM family and it is an upgrade that provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS networks. Duplex A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. An example of a duplex device is a telephone. The people at both ends of a telephone call can speak at the same time, the earphone can reproduce the speech of the other person as the microphone transmits the speech of the local person, because there is a two-way communication channel between them. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for a communication â€Å"two-way street† between two connected parties or to provide a â€Å"reverse path† for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. Systems that do not need the duplex capability use instead simplex communication in which one device transmits and the others just â€Å"listen. † Examples are broadcast radio and television, garage door openers, baby monitors, wireless microphones, radio controlled models, surveillance cameras, and missile telemetry.

Killing and Letting Die Essay

Foot’s calculated article entitled, ‘Killing and Letting Die’ is one which provides arguments through hypothetical situation’s, discrediting opinions and beliefs of other modern philosophers. Its main cause is to locate moral differentiation between the active taking of life versus allowing death to occur by means of not producing assistance. Afterwards Foot applies these beliefs onto the sub-topic of abortion, highlighting flawed examples of pro-abortion arguments she then counters these with her own strong outlooks. In this critical report I intend to analyse the relevance and application of Foot’s arguments highlighting both strengths and weaknesses in Foot’s judgements. Foot opens by expressing that in specific circumstances, for instance our negligence to end third world starvation as opposed to the giving of poisoned food to these starving individuals, our moral agency has a role. This is a sound argument, we have sufficient resources to end starvation with little if any detriment to ourselves yet we fail to provide. This failure is just as morally wrong as providing poisoned food. This is not to say Foot believes killing and allowing to die are the same. It is merely her belief in this particular circumstance that they are not morally dissimilar. Proceeding this is a hypothetical proposal of two circumstances: One, in which 6 individuals are reliant on the intake of a certain rare drug. One individual requires the full quota of this specific medification in order to live, thus the other five would not receive the drug and would consequentially die. It is therefore clear to Foot that the five should receive the drug and regrettably allow this individual to die. The other, where five persons require organs and to save their life one patient is killed to obtain these for the five in need. The clear moral distinction between these two is the role played by moral agency. We play our part as an ‘agent’ in the death of a person whereas in the other we cannot be held responsible for the eventual outcome- being his death. It is our active involvement in the case of ‘the killing for spare parts’ which is denounced as morally wrong by Foot, whereas in the case of providing the medicine at a lower quantity to the five patients rather than all the medicine to the one patient; we are not an agent in the death as the resources were insufficient to keep the individual alive. Thus Foot concludes a morally justified stance is adopted. This point is further continued in Foot’s ‘Rescue I’ and ‘Rescue II’ cases she offers. Rescue I involves a rescue team hurrying to save five persons from drowning before the receive news of one person threatened by some other happening, they choose to continue to save the five and regretfully allow him to die. This is then contrasted with the hypothetical situation of Rescue 2. Rescue 2, the rescue team are on their way to save the five from drowning when blocking their road is an individual trapped on their route. To continue and save the five the team would have to drive over the individual resulting in certain death. Foot progresses this point by stating, â€Å"We cannot originate a fatal sequence, although we can allow one to run its course. † It is therefore apparent Foot is establishing her stance as against the idea killing and allowing to die are morally divergent. This stance though can be countered with an example proposed by James Rachels which is recognised by Foot. In the first case, a child is intentionally held underwater in the bath until they drown. And in the second an individual see’s the child slip and fall underwater, whilst the child drowns they do nothing. Foot accepts that both are morally wrong however she provides weak and incoherent reasoning for her contradiction. Resorting to an argument involving ‘levels of badness’, as if an untoward deed can be rated on a scale. It is ludicrous to suggest any act of malicious or evil intent can be inferior to another simply because of the outcome. Also Foot suggests that because the two cases differ in their acts, the result cannot be known to be the same. Foot’s established beliefs are then applied to the sub-topic of abortion, and if there are any situations it is morally justifiable to abort a foetus. Foot introduces an argument voiced by Thomson in favour of abortion. Thomson’s belief is that abortion is always morally justifiable as no human being has the right to use of another’s body, therefore the foetus’ rights are waived and the mother’s rights to remove the foetus as a hindrance take precedence. Foot recites Thomson’s flawed example of an dangerously ill individual being hooked to the body of another person without consent in order to survive being similar to that of a pregnant woman. She continues to say if the unconsenting person detaches himself he is not a murderer as the ill person is proving an inconvenience to them. Foot breaks down this argument by showing there is an intrinsic difference between instigating a fatality and not providing the means to continue life. Foot finds that the language used to describe failing to provide the means to survive does not serve purposes of this argument. Foot indicates the word ‘kill’ is unimportant and it is infact the outcome of death is not instigated by an agent it is otherwise allowed to take place. This is relative to the act of abortion as Foot suggests the foetus is dependant on its mother in the same way children depend on their parent’s for food and shelter. Thus Foot hints that the previous suggestions by Thomson are horrendously faulty, by denouncing her comment that a mother’s rights override a foetus’ rights as it hinders her life. Surely this is saying that if an alive child is proving a encumbrance to it’s parents lives it is morally justifiable that they terminate its life. Foot correctly highlights that the arguments hinges upon the audiences perception of a foetus’ moral status. Be it as a human being or otherwise. Foot proclaims that if the foetus should be considered a human being then Thomson’s argument is as similar to ‘the killing of the man for spare parts’. Concluding that the foetus’ status remains at the core of justifying the opposition or support of abortion as an act.